Fine-grained classification and counting of bone marrow erythroid cells are vital for evaluating the health status and formulating therapeutic schedules for leukemia or hematopathy. Due to the subtle visual differences between different types of erythroid cells, it is challenging to apply existing image-based deep learning models for fine-grained erythroid cell classification. Moreover, there is no large open-source datasets on erythroid cells to support the model training. In this paper, we introduce BMEC (Bone Morrow Erythroid Cells), the first large fine-grained image dataset of erythroid cells, to facilitate more deep learning research on erythroid cells. BMEC contains 5,666 images of individual erythroid cells, each of which is extracted from the bone marrow erythroid cell smears and professionally annotated to one of the four types of erythroid cells. To distinguish the erythroid cells, one key indicator is the cell shape which is closely related to the cell growth and maturation. Therefore, we design a novel shape-aware image classification network for fine-grained erythroid cell classification. The shape feature is extracted from the shape mask image and aggregated to the raw image feature with a shape attention module. With the shape-attended image feature, our network achieved superior classification performance (81.12\% top-1 accuracy) on the BMEC dataset comparing to the baseline methods. Ablation studies also demonstrate the effectiveness of incorporating the shape information for the fine-grained cell classification. To further verify the generalizability of our method, we tested our network on two additional public white blood cells (WBC) datasets and the results show our shape-aware method can generally outperform recent state-of-the-art works on classifying the WBC. The code and BMEC dataset can be found on https://github.com/wangye8899/BMEC.
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Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting can dramatically improve the multi-step reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). CoT explicitly encourages the LLM to generate intermediate rationales for solving a problem, by providing a series of reasoning steps in the demonstrations. Despite its success, there is still little understanding of what makes CoT prompting effective and which aspects of the demonstrated reasoning steps contribute to its performance. In this paper, we show that CoT reasoning is possible even with invalid demonstrations - prompting with invalid reasoning steps can achieve over 80-90% of the performance obtained using CoT under various metrics, while still generating coherent lines of reasoning during inference. Further experiments show that other aspects of the rationales, such as being relevant to the query and correctly ordering the reasoning steps, are much more important for effective CoT reasoning. Overall, these findings both deepen our understanding of CoT prompting, and open up new questions regarding LLMs' capability to learn to reason in context.
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This work introduces alternating latent topologies (ALTO) for high-fidelity reconstruction of implicit 3D surfaces from noisy point clouds. Previous work identifies that the spatial arrangement of latent encodings is important to recover detail. One school of thought is to encode a latent vector for each point (point latents). Another school of thought is to project point latents into a grid (grid latents) which could be a voxel grid or triplane grid. Each school of thought has tradeoffs. Grid latents are coarse and lose high-frequency detail. In contrast, point latents preserve detail. However, point latents are more difficult to decode into a surface, and quality and runtime suffer. In this paper, we propose ALTO to sequentially alternate between geometric representations, before converging to an easy-to-decode latent. We find that this preserves spatial expressiveness and makes decoding lightweight. We validate ALTO on implicit 3D recovery and observe not only a performance improvement over the state-of-the-art, but a runtime improvement of 3-10$\times$. Project website at https://visual.ee.ucla.edu/alto.htm/.
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这项工作提出了下一代人类机器人界面,只能通过视觉来推断和实现用户的操纵意图。具体而言,我们开发了一个集成了近眼跟踪和机器人操作的系统,以实现用户指定的操作(例如,抓取,拾取和位置等),在其中将视觉信息与人类的注意合并在一起,以创建为所需的映射机器人动作。为了实现视力指导的操纵,开发了一个头部安装的近眼跟踪设备,以实时跟踪眼球运动,以便可以确定用户的视觉注意力。为了提高抓地力性能,然后开发出基于变压器的GRASP模型。堆叠的变压器块用于提取层次特征,其中在每个阶段扩展了通道的体积,同时挤压了特征地图的分辨率。实验验证表明,眼球跟踪系统产生低的凝视估计误差,抓地力系统在多个握把数据集上产生有希望的结果。这项工作是基于凝视互动的辅助机器人的概念证明,该机器人具有巨大的希望,可以帮助老年人或上肢残疾在日常生活中。可在\ url {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yuz1hukyurm}上获得演示视频。
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近年来,随着新颖的策略和应用,神经网络一直在迅速扩展。然而,尽管不可避免地会针对关键应用程序来解决这些挑战,例如神经网络技术诸如神经网络技术中仍未解决诸如神经网络技术的挑战。已经尝试通过用符号表示来表示和嵌入域知识来克服神经网络计算中的挑战。因此,出现了神经符号学习(Nesyl)概念,其中结合了符号表示的各个方面,并将常识带入神经网络(Nesyl)。在可解释性,推理和解释性至关重要的领域中,例如视频和图像字幕,提问和推理,健康信息学和基因组学,Nesyl表现出了有希望的结果。这篇综述介绍了一项有关最先进的Nesyl方法的全面调查,其原理,机器和深度学习算法的进步,诸如Opthalmology之类的应用以及最重要的是该新兴领域的未来观点。
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大规模的多模式对比预训练已经证明了通过将多种模式映射到共享嵌入空间中的一系列下游任务的可转移功能。通常,这对每种模式都采用了单独的编码器。但是,最近的工作表明,变形金刚可以支持跨多种方式学习并允许知识共享。受此启发,我们研究了各种模式共享的对比语言图像预训练(MS-CLIP)框架。更具体地说,我们质疑在对比预训练期间可以在跨模态共享变压器模型的多少个参数,并严格检查建筑设计选择,以将沿频谱共享的参数比例定位。在研究的条件下,我们观察到,视觉和语言信号的主要统一编码器优于所有其他分离更多参数的变体。此外,我们发现特定于特定于模态的平行模块进一步提高了性能。实验结果表明,所提出的MS-CLIP方法在零摄像机分类中(在YFCC-100M上进行了预训练)中,最多可超过13 \%相对的香草夹,同时支持降低参数。此外,在24个下游视觉任务的集合中,我们的方法在线性探测中优于Vanilla剪辑。此外,我们发现共享参数导致语义概念来自不同方式在嵌入空间中更接近地编码,从而促进了共同的语义结构(例如注意力模式)从语言到视觉的传递。代码可在\ href {https://github.com/hxyou/msclip} {url}中获得。
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近年来,依靠深度学习技术的受监督和无监督的深层跟踪器很受欢迎。但是,他们要求高计算复杂性和高内存成本。在这项工作中提出了一个绿色的无监督的单对象跟踪器,称为Gusot,旨在针对资源受限环境下的长视频对象跟踪。Gusot建立在基线跟踪器UHP-SOT ++上,它适用于短期跟踪,其中包含两个附加的新模块:1)丢失的对象恢复,以及2)基于颜色的形状建议。它们有助于解决跟踪损失问题,并分别提供更灵活的对象建议。因此,从长远来看,它们使Gusot能够实现更高的跟踪精度。我们在具有长视频序列的大规模数据集Lasot上进行实验,并表明Gusot提供了轻巧的高性能跟踪解决方案,可在移动和边缘计算平台中找到应用程序。
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通常通过过去的选择来告知机器学习中的评估,例如要使用哪些数据集或指标。该标准化可以使用排行榜对平等基础进行比较,但是随着出现更好的替代方案,评估选择变得不佳。这个问题在自然语言生成中尤其相关,该语言需要不断改善的数据集,指标和人类评估以提出确定性的主张。为了使遵循最佳模型评估实践更加容易,我们介绍了GEMV2。新版本的一代,评估和指标基准为数据集,模型和指标开发人员提供了模块化基础架构,以使彼此受益。GEMV2支持40种记录的数据集中51种语言。所有数据集的模型都可以在线评估,我们的交互式数据卡创建和渲染工具使得在Living Benchmark中添加新数据集变得更加容易。
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视觉导航中体现的代理以及深度神经网络引起了越来越多的关注。但是,深层神经网络容易受到恶意的对抗噪声的影响,这可能会导致视力导航的灾难性失败。在这些对抗性噪声中,通用的对抗扰动(UAP),即代理接收到的每个帧应用的图像无关扰动,对于体现视觉导航而言更为重要,因为它们是攻击过程中计算效率和应用程序实行的。但是,现有的UAP方法不考虑具体视觉导航的系统动力学。为了在连续决策设置中扩展UAP,我们将Universal Noise $ \ delta $下的不受欢迎的环境制定为$ \ delta $ distant的马尔可夫决策过程($ \ delta $ -MDP)。基于该公式,我们分析了$ \ delta $ -MDP的性质,并提出了两种新型的一致攻击方法,用于攻击体现剂,它们首先通过估计受干扰的Q函数和干扰分布来考虑MDP的动态。尽管有受害者模型,但我们一致的攻击可能会导致栖息地目标任务的绩效大大下降。广泛的实验结果表明,将具体视觉导航方法应用于现实世界中存在潜在的风险。
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变形金刚在杂项任务中取得了进展,但遭受了二次计算和记忆复杂性的困扰。最近的作品提出了稀疏的变压器,并注意稀疏图,以降低复杂性并保持强劲的性能。虽然有效,但并未充分探索图形如何进行良好表现的关键部分。在本文中,我们提出了标准化信息有效载荷(NIP),这是图表评分函数,该函数测量图上的信息传输,该函数为性能和复杂性之间的权衡提供了分析工具。在这一理论分析的指导下,我们提出了HyperCube Transformer,这是一种稀疏的变压器,它模拟了HyperCube中的标记相互作用,并与Vanilla Transformer显示出可比甚至更好的结果,同时产生$ O(N \ log n)$复杂性,具有序列长度$ n $。对我们的图形函数的各种序列长度进行验证的任务实验。
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